Lubricant



Patented Mar. 1, 1921.

UNITED .STATES PATEKIT OFFICE.

HERBERT L. JOHNSON, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO STANDARD DEVELOP-v MEN'I COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE. I

LUBRICANT.

No Drawing.

to use lubricating oil containing the oil-soluble sulfonic acid alreadypresent, as a lubricant for some uses; but the water-soluble or sludgesulfonic compounds although showing indications of superior lubricating2o qualities of promise for certain uses have remained a waste sludgematerial because not capable of bein dissolved in oil.

I have now ound that by a suitable procedure I can incorporate thewater-soluble sulfonic compounds in oil and thus attain a wide range oflubricants available for uses not heretofore reached by mineral oils.

While for some uses I may employ the water-soluble free sulfonic acidfor making up lubricants in accordance with thepresent invention, Iordinarily prefer the salts thereof or sulfonates, and taking forexample a sulfonic acid separated in the sludge after treating apetroleum lubricating oil with a 5-10% dump of fuming sulfuric acid, andsuch sulfonic acid being then purified by salting out of a watersolution and neutralized with caustic soda, I first dry or dehydratesuch sodium sulfonate product. After dehydrating I dissolve orincorporate the water-soluble sodium s-ulfonate in a nonmineraloleaginous vehicle, such for example as corn oil, sulfurized corn oil,lard oil, soya bean oil or oleic acid. Such vehicle takes upthe-.sulfonate in high degree, for instance- I can incorporate. 5-20parts by weight of the dehydrated water-soluble sodium sulfonate with 5parts by weight of oleic acid. Ordinarily I prefer 10-15 parts of thesulfoso nate to 5 parts of the oleic acid with mineral oils of 200-300seconds Saybolt viscosity at 100 'F.; and with mineral oils of 100-150seconds Saybolt viscosity at 100 F., 5% of sulfonate and 10% of oleicacid may be used.

The water-soluble sodium sulfonate in its to lubricants and Applicationfiled November 24, 1923. Serial No. 676,853. I

oleaginous vehicle is now incorporated in mineral oil, for example ,agreen cylinder stock or any desired petroleum lubricating 011.preferably over 90 seconds Saybolt viscoslty at 100 F. The proportionsof mineral oil and oleaginous vehicle containing the sulfonic compoundmay vary within considerable limits dependin upon the particular use inview, but an illustrative formula 1s 10% of water-soluble sodiumsulfonate, 5% of oleic acid, and 85% of mineral lubricating oil. Forexample, water-soluble sodium sulfonate is dried in a steam jacketedkettle or pan until the water content is reduced to at least about 2%,and the material becomes brittle in texture. Sufiicient of the driedsulfonate to make 10% by weight in the finished product is then put in asteam Jacketed mixing kettle and oleic acid sufficient to make 5% in thefinished product is 75 added, together with mineral oil amounting i toabout 10% on the finished product. This addition of mineral oil is forthinning the mass to facilitate working and it may be a relatively thinoil, for instance 65 seconds Saybolt viscosity at 100 F. On stirring andheating to about 250 F., the sulfonate melts and dissolves. Mineral oilis now, added gradually to bring the composition up to 100%, the mineraloil having a viscosity such that the resulting product will have aconsistency best suited for its specific use. If the sulfonate usedcontained any dirt or salt, the fluid mixture is now filter-pressed orotherwise separated from sediment. One finished formula which isadvantageous contains for instance 10% by weight of the anhydrous sodiumsulfonate, 5% of oleic acid, of a petroleum oil of about seconds Sayboltviscosity at 100 F., and 25% of a petroleum oil cylinder stock to bringup the viscosity.

Where desired, for certain uses, rosin oil, usually about 35%, can beadded. For instance, oleic acid, 2.5%"based on the fin- 10 ishedproduct, and all of the anhydrousa sodium sulfonate (e. g. 5% for thelatter based on the finished product) and a small amount of petroleumlubricating oil (e. g. 5%) are heated and mixed in a kettle until thesulfonate is dissolved. \Vhile cooling, about 5% of rosin oil and therest of the oleic acid (i. e. about 5%) and the rest of the petroleumlubricating oil (i. e.. about 74%) are mixed in another kettle and 110heated slightly and about 1.24% of saturated potassium hydroxid solution1s added to neutralize a part of the acid constituents in the ultimateproduct. The sulfonate mixture from the first kettle is then added tothe second mixture and the whole well mixed. About 22.5% of an alcohol(e. g. ethyl or isopropyl alcohol) is then added and stirred. Theproduct is filtered 1f necessary. As an alternative to the aboveexample, the total quantity of olelc acid may be mixed with thesulfonate and ole1c acid will then be omitted from the mixture in thesecond kettle. In some cases other alkalies can be substituted for thepotassium hydroxid. Oils have been compounded with the followingvariations in compos tion:

79-84% petroleum lubricatmg 011, 35% Water soluble sodium sulfonate,57.5% olelc acid, 35% rosin oi1, the whole mixture neutralized with abasic potassium compound and 23% of an alcohol added.

By using more sulfonate, also additional soaps if desired of rosin orfatty aclds with sodium or potassium or calcium bases, lubricants ofvarious consistency for greases can also be prepared.

Where desired, ordinary mineral oils may be substituted in whole or inpart by sulfurized oils, as for example cylinder stock petroleum oilinto which sulfur has been cooked to an extent of 0.5 to 3% or morecombined sulfur. Thus, one advantageous formula for a cutting oil is 10%of anhydrous sodium sulfonate, 5% of oleic acid,

% of a petroleum oil of about seconds Saybolt viscosity at 100 F., and25% of a highly sulfurized cylinder stock. The combined sulfur in theoil of this formula is not less than 0.25%.

While I have described my invention by reference to certain specificdetails it is to be understood that these are for the purpose ofillustrating the practice of the invention and are not limitative, and Iintend to claim all inherent novelty as broadly as the prior artpermits.

What I claim is:

1. The process of preparing lubricants, which comprises dissolving about5 parts by weight of a dehydrated water-soluble sodium sulfonate inabout 2.5 parts of oleic acid and about 5 parts ofpetroleum lubricatingoil, and mixing with about 5 parts of rosin oil about 5 parts of oleicacid and about 74 parts of petroleum lubricating oil and about 1.24parts of saturated potassium hydroxid solution and finall adding about2.5 parts of isopropyl alcohol to the whole.

2. The

um sulfonate derived from mineral oils in oleic acid and a petroleumlubricating oil and adding a small proportion of an alcohol.

3. The process of preparing lubricants, which comprises incorporating adehydrated sulfonate derived from mineral oils in a non-mineral oilvehicle and a petroleum lubricating oil together with a small proportionof an alcohol.

4. The process. of preparing lubricants, which comprises incorporating5-20 parts by Weight of a dehydrated Water-soluble sodium sulfonatederived from mineral oils with about 5 parts of a non-mineral oleaginousvehicle and admixing with 3-5 parts of rosin oil and a minerallubricating oil to make up to 100 parts.

5. The process of preparing lubricants, which comprises incorporating awater-soluble hydrocarbon sulfonic compound with a non-mineraloleaginous vehicle, and admixing with a mineral lubricating oil.

6. In the preparation of lubricants, the improvement which comprisesincorporating a substantially anhydrous hydrocarbon sulfonic compoundwith a hydrocarbon oil, and a small proportion of an alcohol.

7. A lubricant which comprises 79-84% of petroleum lubricating oil, 35%of dehydrated water-soluble sodium sulfonate derived from mineral oils,5-7.5% of oleic acid, 35% of rosin oil the whole neutralized by a basicpotassium compound and 2-3% of an alcohol.

8. A lubricant which comprises a mineral lubricating oil of at least 90sec. viscosity Saybolt at 100 F., containing about 10% process ofpreparing lubricants. 60 "which comprises mixing a dehydrated SOdlbyweight of a substantially anhydrous WEI- ter-soluble sodium sulfonatederived from mineral oils, about 5% of oleic acid, and a smallproportion of rosin oil.

9. A lubricant which comprises a mineral lubricating oil containing520%of a substantially anhydrous water-soluble sodium sulfonate derived frommineral oils, and about 5% of a non-mineral oleaginous vehicle.

10. A lubricant which comprises a mineral lubricating oil containing awater-soluble sulfonic compound derived from mineral oils and anon-mineral oleaginous vehicle.

11. A cutting oil which comprises 10% of a hydrocarbon sulfonicmaterial, 5% of oleic acid, 60% of petroleum lubricatin oil, and 25% ofa highly sulfurized cylinder stock.

HERBERT L. JOHNSON.

